谢邀。
"维特鲁威人"是里昂那多达芬奇于1490年所作的手稿。是达芬奇用当时建筑师Vitruvius的笔记描述完成的，也因此手稿的名字用该建筑师的名字命名。
从上图可以发现整个手稿都是由钢笔完成的，描绘的是达芬奇眼中人类的完美比例应该是怎样的。这不光可以从艺术方面发现他当时对于人物绘画的研究，同时也在用严谨的科学计算黄金比例。图中可见男子两种不同的姿势：站立双手十字在正方形内，还有就是展开成"大"字是圆圈的中心。表明的是达芬奇根据建筑师的建筑笔记所思考的关于几何图形和人类比例之间的关系，用古典建筑内规范的比例——圆和正方形——来描述人物的形象。在下面的阐释中他也提到理想的身体比例应该是身体和头的比例为8:1。因为当时为了绘制更生动的人物形象，达芬奇学习了解剖并且实践人体解剖中。因此后来的饿一些学者认为手稿也表明了达芬奇在解剖学上的理念：对维特鲁威人的剖析是理解整个宏观世界的工作。
下面是达芬奇的写在手稿上的原话：
For the human body is so designed by nature that the face, from the chin to the top of the forehead and the lowest roots of the hair, is a tenth part of the whole height; the open hand from the wrist to the tip of the middle finger is just the same; the head from the chin to the crown is an eighth, and with the neck and shoulder from the top of the breast to the lowest roots of the hair is a sixth; from the middle of the breast to the summit of the crown is a fourth. If we take the height of the face itself, the distance from the bottom of the chin to the under side of the nostrils is one third of it; the nose from the under side of the nostrils to a line between the eyebrows is the same; from there to the lowest roots of the hair is also a third, comprising the forehead. The length of the foot is one sixth of the height of the body; of the forearm, one fourth; and the breadth of the breast is also one fourth. The other members, too, have their own symmetrical proportions, and it was by employing them that the famous painters and sculptors of antiquity attained to great and endless renown.
Similarly, in the members of a temple there ought to be the greatest harmony in the symmetrical relations of the different parts to the general magnitude of the whole. Then again, in the human body the central point is naturally the navel. For if a man be placed flat on his back, with his hands and feet extended, and a pair of compasses centred at his navel, the fingers and toes of his two hands and feet will touch the circumference of a circle described therefrom. And just as the human body yields a circular outline, so too a square figure may be found from it. For if we measure the distance from the soles of the feet to the top of the head, and then apply that measure to the outstretched arms, the breadth will be found to be the same as the height, as in the case of plane surfaces which are perfectly square.
大意就是关于剖析维特鲁威人的具体细节，每个关节每个部位的比例该是多少的想法，以及解释了正方体和圆在比例上应该是如何的。
